Nickan Research Institute Journal of Renal Injury Prevention 2345-2781 14 3 2025 09 01 Exploring the correlation of remnant-like particle cholesterol levels with CKD developing risk: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis e38437 e38437 10.34172/jrip.2025.38437 EN Halime Aali https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2587-7676 Sara Bazgiri https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1105-7309 Zahra Jamalafrouz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8955-8147 Seyed Saied Rajaei Ramsheh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4770-9634 Mahboobeh Askarizade https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2532-6818 Zahra Bazargani https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1943-5752 Fariba Asadi Noghabi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1862-1166 Erfan Shafiei https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2484-763X Dadkhoda Soofi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8582-4783 Journal Article 10.34172/jrip.2025.38437 2025 01 08 2025 03 28 Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressing illness worldwide and the relationship between remnant-C and CKD is still uncertain. Indeed, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between remnant-C and the risk of CKD development in a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Materials and Methods: This study surveyed databases like Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar up to December 17, 2024. Data analysis was performed by STATA 14 software, and the test confidential level was P<0.05. Results: Remnant-C causes a higher risk of CKD (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.41). In addition, the remnant-C in second quartile (R:1.20, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.27), third quartile (OR:1.26, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.40), 4th quartile (OR:1.62, 95% CI: 1.42, 1.86), second tertile (OR:1.12, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.19) and 3rd tertile (OR:1.23, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.31) further increased CKD risk. According to the subgroup analysis, remnant-C in the group with the range of 40 to 49 years (OR:1.32, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.48), 50 to 59 years (OR:1.26, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.40), 60 to 69 years (OR:1.39, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.69), in men (OR:1.23, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.33) and women (OR:1.51, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.82) lead to higher risk of CKD. Additionally, remnant-C in diabetic patients (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.48), individuals with body mass index (BMI) <25 (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.43), and individuals with BMI>25 (OR:1.39, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.60) lead to a higher risk of CKD, either. Conclusion: Our study reveals that remnant-C causes a higher risk of CKD, and a higher level of remnant-C leads to a higher risk of CKD. Notably, remnant-C causes CKD in women more than men and in individuals with BMI >25 kg/m2 more than ones with BMI<25 kg/m2 , shedding new light on the gender and BMI-specific risks associated with remnant-C. Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42025632075) and Research Registry (UIN: reviewregistry1936) websites.