Nickan Research Institute Journal of Renal Injury Prevention 2345-2781 15 4 2026 12 01 Association between metabolic syndrome and kidney cancer; a systematic review and meta-analysis e38786 e38786 10.34172/jrip.38786 EN Bashirjamail Wahidi https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2297-9005 Azadeh Haghiri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5468-4394 Masoomeh Vasheghani Farahani https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6291-8303 Zahra Abdan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3209-5262 Mehrsa Majdaeen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4872-4855 Narges Mostafaloo https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6875-8632 Journal Article 10.34172/jrip.38786 2026 07 09 2026 09 09 Introduction: Kidney neoplasm ranks as the fourteenth most prevalent malignancy globally. While some cancers have been associated with metabolic syndrome, the existing evidence on the relationship between metabolic syndrome and kidney neoplasm is inconsistent. Accordingly, the present study was designed to assess the association between metabolic syndrome and kidney neoplasm risk. Materials and Methods: Initial studies were searched in the databases of Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed, as well as the Google Scholar search engine. The literature search was updated up to 21 June 2026. Data were analyzed statistically using the STATA 14 software. Results: In this study, we found that having metabolic syndrome increased the overall risk of kidney neoplasms (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.51, 2.58), as well as the risk in women (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.53), men (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.82), individuals under 50 years of age (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.90, 3.69), and those aged 50 years or older (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.32, 3.34). Furthermore, factors such as hypertension (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.47, 2.22), obesity (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.59), dyslipidemia (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.94), decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.42), and increased triglyceride (TG) (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.35) increased the risk of kidney neoplasm. In addition, having one metabolic syndrome component (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.39), two components (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.40, 1.59), three components (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.68, 2.22), four components (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.91, 2.75), and five components (OR: 2.67, 95% CI: 2.16, 3.30) increased the risk of kidney neoplasm. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome was a risk factor for kidney neoplasm. Male gender was more likely than female gender, and age under 50 years was more likely than age greater than or equal to 50 years to develop kidney neoplasm. Hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, decreased HDL, and increased TG were the most influential factors in kidney neoplasm, respectively, and the more of these components were present in an individual, the higher the risk of kidney neoplasm. Registration: This study has been compiled based on the PRISMA checklist, and its protocol was registered on the PROSPERO (ID: CRD420261441802) website.