Nickan Research Institute Journal of Renal Injury Prevention 2345-2781 7 3 2018 09 01 Impact of cancers on the kidney function and structure; an ignored entity 112 115 10.15171/jrip.2018.26 EN Mohammad Davoodi Sara Bahadoram Mohammad Bahadoram Maedeh Barahman Zaher Khazaei Masoud Amiri REVIEW 10.15171/jrip.2018.26 2018 01 11 2018 04 23 Important declines have been observed in urological cancer-related mortality in recent decades, mainly due to improvements in treatments of prostate cancer, less exposure to tobacco smoking as well as occupational carcinogens of kidney and bladder. However, because of global population ageing, age-related urinary tract cancers are expected to increase in the near future despite improved primary prevention, early detection and more efficient treatment. In this article, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), kidney transplantation, cancer and acute kidney injury (AKI), lung cancer and chronic kidney disease (CKD), breast cancer, prostate cancer, cervix cancer and brain cancer and their associations with kidney function and structure have been discussed. In conclusion, kidney and cancers have interaction with each other. Kidney carcinoma can be metastasizing to other organs as well as other cancer to kidney. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the potential effect of kidney functions and interaction with other cancers in each malignancy.