Logo-jrip
J Renal Inj Prev. 2020;9(2): e19. doi: 10.34172/jrip.2020.19

Mini-Review

COVID-19 interactions with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the kinin system; looking at a potential treatment

Ramin Tolouian 1 ORCID, Sepideh Zununi Vahed 2 ORCID, Shahram Ghiyasvand 2, Audrey Tolouian 3 ORCID, Mohammadreza Ardalan 2 * ORCID

Cited by CrossRef: 65


1- Holcomb D, Alexaki A, Hernandez N, Hunt R, Laurie K, Kames J, Hamasaki-Katagiri N, Komar A, DiCuccio M, Kimchi-Sarfaty C, Briggs J. Gene variants of coagulation related proteins that interact with SARS-CoV-2. PLoS Comput Biol. 2021;17(3):e1008805 [Crossref]
2- Enyeji A, Arora A, Mangat H. Effective Treatment of COVID-19 Infection with Repurposed Drugs: Case Reports. Viral Immunology. 2024;37(6):298 [Crossref]
3- Chai K, Valk S, Piechotta V, Kimber C, Monsef I, Doree C, Wood E, Lamikanra A, Roberts D, McQuilten Z, So-Osman C, Estcourt L, Skoetz N. Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a living systematic review. 2020; [Crossref]
4- Polidoro R, Hagan R, de Santis Santiago R, Schmidt N. Overview: Systemic Inflammatory Response Derived From Lung Injury Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection Explains Severe Outcomes in COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2020;11 [Crossref]
5- Post COVID-19 Effects on Different Body Systems: A Literature Review. AHS. 2020;:1 [Crossref]
6- Tokarev A, Osmanov I, Mazankova L, Zakharova I, Samitova E, Kotenko S. Improving the treatment of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in children at risk for the development of severe disease with the use of virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Ross vestn perinatol pediatr. 2022;67(3):23 [Crossref]
7- Rasaeifar B, Gomez-Gutierrez P, Perez J. Molecular Features of Non-Selective Small Molecule Antagonists of the Bradykinin Receptors. Pharmaceuticals. 2020;13(9):259 [Crossref]
8- Zaman M, Sizemore R. Long COVID: Epidemiology, post-COVID-19 manifestations, possible mechanisms, treatment, and prevention strategies – A review. 2024;:1 [Crossref]
9- Kimber C, Valk S, Chai K, Piechotta V, Iannizzi C, Monsef I, Wood E, Lamikanra A, Roberts D, McQuilten Z, So-Osman C, Estcourt L, Skoetz N. Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19. 2021;2021(10) [Crossref]
10- Derevyanko K, Khusainova L, Khafizov M, Sattarova A, Safin S. Bell’s palsy and urticarial rash as fi rst manifestations of COVID-19 infection. РНЖ. 2021;26(3):46 [Crossref]
11- Gupta I, Rizeq B, Elkord E, Vranic S, Al Moustafa A. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Lung Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Modalities. Cancers. 2020;12(8):2186 [Crossref]
12- Iannizzi C, Chai K, Piechotta V, Valk S, Kimber C, Monsef I, Wood E, Lamikanra A, Roberts D, McQuilten Z, So-Osman C, Jindal A, Estcourt L, Kreuzberger N, Skoetz N. Convalescent plasma for people with COVID-19: a living systematic review. 2023;2024(2) [Crossref]
13- Eremeeva A, Dlin V. Features of the course of acute pyelonephritis in children with an experience of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Ross vestn perinatol pediatr. 2022;67(2):100 [Crossref]
14- Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Catalano A, Saturnino C, Pellegrino M, Mariconda A, Longo P, Sinicropi M, Aquaro S. COVID-19 at a Glance: An Up-to-Date Overview on Variants, Drug Design and Therapies. Viruses. 2022;14(3):573 [Crossref]
15- Mahamud A, Kabir M, Sohag A, Chen C, Hannan M, Sikder M, Bhattarai K, Baral B, Uddin M. Food-Derived Bioactive Peptides: A Promising Substitute to Chemosynthetic Drugs Against the Dysregulated Renin-Angiotensin System in COVID-19 Patients. Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature. 2021;11(4):325 [Crossref]
16- Nokhodian Z, Ranjbar M, Nasri P, Kassaian N, Shoaei P, Vakili B, Rostami S, Ahangarzadeh S, Alibakhshi A, Yarian F, Javanmard S, Ataei B. Current status of COVID-19 pandemic; characteristics, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. J Res Med Sci. 2020;25(1):101 [Crossref]
17- De Toma I, Dierssen M. Network analysis of Down syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 identifies risk and protective factors for COVID-19. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1) [Crossref]
18- Ścibior A, Wnuk E. Elements and COVID-19: A Comprehensive Overview of Studies on Their Blood/Urinary Levels and Supplementation with an Update on Clinical Trials. Biology. 2022;11(2):215 [Crossref]
19- Bawaskar H, Bawaskar P. Role of methyle blue in the management of mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 disease. 2022;11(2):812 [Crossref]
20- Valk S, Piechotta V, Chai K, Doree C, Monsef I, Wood E, Lamikanra A, Kimber C, McQuilten Z, So-Osman C, Estcourt L, Skoetz N. Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a rapid review. 2020; [Crossref]
21- Ashique S, Sandhu N, Haque S, Koley K. A Recent Update on Therapeutics to Treat Emerging n-COVID 19: A Review. COVID. 2021;2(7) [Crossref]
22- Guilger-Casagrande M, de Barros C, Antunes V, de Araujo D, Lima R. Perspectives and Challenges in the Fight Against COVID-19: The Role of Genetic Variability. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11 [Crossref]
23- da Silva M, de Araújo-Júnior J, da Silva-Júnior E, Heimfarth L, Martins-Filho P, Quintans J, Quintans-Júnior L. Bradykinin-target therapies in SARS-CoV-2 infection: current evidence and perspectives. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol. 2022;395(3):275 [Crossref]
24- Hossein-khannazer N, Shokoohian B, Shpichka A, Aghdaei H, Timashev P, Vosough M. Novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of COVID-19. J Mol Med. 2020;98(6):789 [Crossref]
25- Kreuzberger N, Hirsch C, Chai K, Tomlinson E, Khosravi Z, Popp M, Neidhardt M, Piechotta V, Salomon S, Valk S, Monsef I, Schmaderer C, Wood E, So-Osman C, Roberts D, McQuilten Z, Estcourt L, Skoetz N. SARS-CoV-2-neutralising monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID-19. 2021;2021(9) [Crossref]
26- Palakkott A, Alneyadi A, Muhammad K, Eid A, Amiri K, Akli Ayoub M, Iratni R. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Activates the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mediated Signaling. Vaccines. 2023;11(4):768 [Crossref]
27- Widysanto A, Wahyuni T, Simanjuntak L, Sunarso S, Siahaan S, Haryanto H, Pandrya C, Aritonang R, Gunawan C, Gunawan A. Ecchymosis in critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient in Tangerang, Indonesia: a case report. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2021;52(2):635 [Crossref]
28- Piechotta V, Chai K, Valk S, Doree C, Monsef I, Wood E, Lamikanra A, Kimber C, McQuilten Z, So-Osman C, Estcourt L, Skoetz N. Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a living systematic review. 2020; [Crossref]
29- Hoevenaar M, Goossens D, Roorda J. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the complement system, the kallikrein-kinin system, type-2 diabetes, interleukin-6, and their interactions regarding the complex COVID-19 pathophysiological crossroads. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2020;21(4) [Crossref]
30- Malchair P, Giol J, García V, Rodríguez O, Ruibal J, Zarauza A, Llopis F, Matellán L, Bernal T, Solís B, Otero A, Carnaval T, Jofre H, Jacob J, Solanich X, Antolí A, Rocamora G, Videla S. Three-Day Icatibant on Top of Standard Care in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 2, Proof-of-Concept Trial. 2023;76(10):1784 [Crossref]
31- Kharbach Y, Khallouk A. Male genital damage in COVID-19 patients: Are available data relevant?. Asian Journal of Urology. 2021;8(3):324 [Crossref]
32- Hirsch C, Valk S, Piechotta V, Chai K, Estcourt L, Monsef I, Salomon S, Tomlinson E, Popp M, Wood E, So-Osman C, Roberts D, McQuilten Z, Skoetz N, Kreuzberger N. SARS-CoV-2-neutralising monoclonal antibodies to prevent COVID-19. 2021; [Crossref]
33- Piechotta V, Iannizzi C, Chai K, Valk S, Kimber C, Dorando E, Monsef I, Wood E, Lamikanra A, Roberts D, McQuilten Z, So-Osman C, Estcourt L, Skoetz N. Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a living systematic review. 2021;2021(5) [Crossref]
34- Gangnus T, Burckhardt B. Sensitive mass spectrometric determination of kinin-kallikrein system peptides in light of COVID-19. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1) [Crossref]
35- Alkotaji M, Al-Zidan R. Indomethacin: Can It Counteract Bradykinin Effects in COVID-19 Patients?. Curr Pharmacol Rep. 2021;7(3):102 [Crossref]
36- Li Q, Cheng Q, Zhao Z, Dai N, Zeng L, Zhu L, Guo W, Li C, Wang J, Li S, Shen N, Ge Q. Novel coronavirus infection and acute kidney injury in two renal transplant recipients: a case report. J Int Med Res. 2020;48(10) [Crossref]
37- Mahmudpour M, Roozbeh J, Keshavarz M, Farrokhi S, Nabipour I. COVID-19 cytokine storm: The anger of inflammation. Cytokine. 2020;133:155151 [Crossref]
38- Bhaskar L, Roshan B, Nasri H. The Fuzzy Connection between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Loss of Renal Function. Am J Nephrol. 2020;51(7):572 [Crossref]
39- Monpara J, Sodha S, Gupta P. COVID-19 associated complications and potential therapeutic targets. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2020;886:173548 [Crossref]
40- Vijayakumar V, Sabu A, Haridas M. Impact of air pollution and smoking on COVID-19: a review. Egypt J Bronchol. 2021;15(1) [Crossref]
41- Adesanya T, Campbell C, Cheng L, Ogbogu P, Kahwash R. C1 Esterase Inhibition: Targeting Multiple Systems in COVID-19. J Clin Immunol. 2021;41(4):729 [Crossref]
42- Ahmadian E, Hosseiniyan Khatibi S, Razi Soofiyani S, Abediazar S, Shoja M, Ardalan M, Zununi Vahed S. Covid‐19 and kidney injury: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms. Reviews in Medical Virology. 2021;31(3) [Crossref]
43- Falahi S, Maleki M, Kenarkoohi A. An Updated Review on Complicated Mechanisms of COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Therapy: Direct Viral Damage, Renin-angiotensin System Dysregulation, Immune System Derangements, and Endothelial Dysfunction. IDDT. 2022;22(7) [Crossref]
44- Tabassum A, Iqbal M, Sultan S, Alhuthali R, Alshubaili D, Sayyam R, Abyad L, Qasem A, Arbaeen A, Cervellati C. Dysregulated Bradykinin: Mystery in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19. Mediators of Inflammation. 2022;2022:1 [Crossref]
45- Iannizzi C, Chai K, Piechotta V, Valk S, Kimber C, Monsef I, Wood E, Lamikanra A, Roberts D, McQuilten Z, So-Osman C, Jindal A, Cryns N, Estcourt L, Kreuzberger N, Skoetz N. Convalescent plasma for people with COVID-19: a living systematic review. 2023;2023(2) [Crossref]
46- Padín J, Pérez-Ortiz J, Redondo-Calvo F. Aprotinin (II): Inhalational Administration for the Treatment of COVID-19 and Other Viral Conditions. IJMS. 2024;25(13):7209 [Crossref]
47- Malchair P, Otero A, Giol J, Solanich X, Carnaval T, Fernández-Nistal A, Sánchez-Gabriel A, Montoto C, Lleonart R, Videla S, Antoli A, Benjumeda M, Bernal T, Calatayud L, Corbella X, Ferrer A, Garcia V, Gasa M, Gudiol C, Hereu P, Jacob J, Jofre H, Llopis F, Matellan L, Pallarés N, Rigo R, Rocamora G, Rodríguez F, Rombauts A, Ruibal J, Sabater J, Serrano C, Suárez-Lledó A, Tebé C, Villoria J, Zarauza A. A multicenter, open-label, randomized, proof-of-concept phase II clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of icatibant in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and admitted to hospital units without invasive mechanical ventilation: study protocol (ICAT-COVID). Trials. 2022;23(1) [Crossref]
48- Mikaeili H, Taghizadieh A, Nazemiyeh M, Rezaeifar P, Zununi Vahed S, Safiri S, Ardalan M, Ansarin K. The early start of hemoperfusion decreases the mortality rate among severe COVID‐19 patients: A preliminary study. Hemodialysis International. 2022;26(2):176 [Crossref]
49- Akpoviroro O, Sauers N, Uwandu Q, Castagne M, Akpoviroro O, Humayun S, Mirza W, Woodard J, Chen R. Severe COVID-19 infection: An institutional review and literature overview. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(8):e0304960 [Crossref]
50- Hikisz P, Bernasinska-Slomczewska J. Beneficial Properties of Bromelain. Nutrients. 2021;13(12):4313 [Crossref]
51- Taghizadieh A, Mikaeili H, Ahmadi M, Valizadeh H. Acute kidney injury in pregnant women following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report from Iran. Respiratory Medicine Case Reports. 2020;30:101090 [Crossref]
52- Kreuzberger N, Hirsch C, Chai K, Piechotta V, Valk S, Estcourt L, Salomon S, Tomlinson E, Monsef I, Wood E, So-Osman C, Roberts D, McQuilten Z, Skoetz N. SARS-CoV-2-neutralising monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID-19. 2021; [Crossref]
53- Kaur M, Sandhu R, Aggarwal A. Recombinant ACE2 - Opportunities and Challenges in COVID-19 Treatment. IDDT. 2025;25(1) [Crossref]
54- Davis K. COVID‐19 pneumonia with back pain: Presentation of an acute pulmonary embolism associated with novel coronavirus infection in an outpatient setting. Clinical Case Reports. 2020;8(12):2514 [Crossref]
55- Zwaveling S, Gerth van Wijk R, Karim F. Pulmonary edema in COVID-19: Explained by bradykinin?. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2020;146(6):1454 [Crossref]
56- Tarighi P, Eftekhari S, Chizari M, Sabernavaei M, Jafari D, Mirzabeigi P. A review of potential suggested drugs for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) treatment. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2021;895:173890 [Crossref]
57- Ghahestani S, Shahab E, Karimi S, Madani M. Methylene blue may have a role in the treatment of COVID-19. Medical Hypotheses. 2020;144:110163 [Crossref]
58- Esmizadeh E, Chang B, Jubinville D, Ojogbo E, Seto C, Tzoganakis C, Mekonnen T. Can Medical-Grade Gloves Provide Protection after Repeated Disinfection?. ACS Appl Polym Mater. 2021;3(1):445 [Crossref]
59- Golota A, Kamilova T, Shneider O, Vologzhanin D, Sherbak S. Pathogenesis of the initial stages of severe COVID-19. Journal of Clinical Practice. 2021;12(2):83 [Crossref]
60- Padín J, Pérez-Ortiz J, Redondo-Calvo F. Aprotinin (I): Understanding the Role of Host Proteases in COVID-19 and the Importance of Pharmacologically Regulating Their Function. IJMS. 2024;25(14):7553 [Crossref]
61- Valk S, Piechotta V, Kimber C, Chai K, Monsef I, Doree C, Wood E, Lamikanra A, Roberts D, McQuilten Z, So-Osman C, Estcourt L, Skoetz N. Convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin to prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2. 2021; [Crossref]
62- Hirsch C, Park Y, Piechotta V, Chai K, Estcourt L, Monsef I, Salomon S, Wood E, So-Osman C, McQuilten Z, Spinner C, Malin J, Stegemann M, Skoetz N, Kreuzberger N. SARS-CoV-2-neutralising monoclonal antibodies to prevent COVID-19. 2022;2022(6) [Crossref]
63- Gunawan C, Angela A, Widysanto A. Urticarial eruption in coronavirus disease 2019 infection: a case report in Tangerang, Indonesia. Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34(8) [Crossref]