Maryam Malek
1, Mehdi Nematbakhsh
1,2*1 Water and Electrolytes Research Center/Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Isfahan MN Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences Research, Isfahan , Iran
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is caused by a sudden temporary impairment of the blood flow to the particular organ. IRI usually is associated with a robust inflammatory and oxidative stress response to hypoxia and reperfusion which disturbs the organ function. Renal IR induced acute kidney injury (AKI) contributes to high morbidity and mortality rate in a wide range of injuries. Although the pathophysiology of IRI is not completely understood, several important mechanisms resulting in kidney failure have been mentioned. In ischemic kidney and subsequent of re-oxygenation, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at reperfusion phase initiates a cascade of deleterious cellular responses leading to inflammation, cell death, and acute kidney failure. Better understanding of the cellular pathophysiological mechanisms underlying kidney injury will hopefully result in the design of more targeted therapies to prevent and treatment the injury. In this review, we summarize some important potential mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in renal IRI.
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:
Renal injury associated with ischemia/reperfusion results from a dynamic process involving inflammation and some mediators in a complex interaction. Formation of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation seems to be major factors which promotes the inflammation process during ischemia/reperfusion injury. A better understanding of the pathophysiology and therapeutic approach underlying the functional defects found in ischemic acute renal failure will also require that we take into account the complexity of illness.
Please cite this paper as: Malek M, Nematbakhsh M. Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury; from pathophysiology to treatment. J Renal Inj Prev. 2015; 4(2): 20-27. DOI: 10.12861/jrip.2015.06