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Submitted: 15 Jul 2020
Accepted: 23 Sep 2020
ePublished: 08 Oct 2020
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J Renal Inj Prev. 2022;11(1): e4.
doi: 10.34172/jrip.2022.04

Scopus ID: 85150970161
  Abstract View: 2063
  PDF Download: 843

Original

The protective effects of eugenol on metabolic-syndrome, renal damages

Fatemeh Kourkinejad Gharaei 1,2 ORCID logo, Halimeh Lakzaei 3 ORCID logo, Abbass Ali Niazi 3 ORCID logo, Mehdi Jahantigh 3 ORCID logo, Mohammad Reza Shahraki 3 ORCID logo, Tahereh Safari 3,4* ORCID logo

1 Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
2 Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
3 School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
4 Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
*Corresponding Author: *Corresponding author: Tahereh Safari, Ph.D, Email: , Email: tahereh_safari@ yahoo.com

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome consists of a group of abnormities which is involved with chronic kidney disease and nephropathy. Eugenol is an important phenolic component, which is present in many plants’ essential oils such as cloves oil with antioxidant effects.

Objectives: Our study planned to demonstrate eugenol’s effects over nephrotoxicity derived from metabolic syndrome.

Materials and Methods: Thirty-five male Wistar rats were picked accidentally and then divided into five groups including 1) tap water; 2) water with fructose10%; 3) water with fructose + sweet almond oil and administered intraperitoneally; 4) water with fructose+ eugenol 50 mg/kg/d and administered intraperitoneally; 5) water with fructose+ eugenol 100 mg/kg/d administered intraperitoneally. This regime lasted for 60 days, and at the beginning of day 31st, injections started for 30 days. Assessment of serum, urine and renal parameters (in homogenized kidney tissue) were conducted in the last step.

Results: The results argued that the induction of metabolic syndrome following renal injury has significantly increased serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels in the fructose group. Consumption of eugenol resulted in a significant reduction in the level of these two biochemical factors (P < 0.05). The renal level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in the fructose group while treatment with a dose of 50 eugenol decreasing its level (P < 0.05). Proteinuria and kidney tissue damage score (KTDS) increased in the fructose group compared with the tap water group (P < 0.001). It is noteworthy that treatment with eugenol did not affect the level of proteinuria and KTDS with any of the used doses.

Conclusion: Our results indicated the improvement of renal functioning and decrease in lipid peroxidation, although eugenol doses used in this study did not reduce proteinuria and KTDS.


Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:

In the current study, 35 male Wistar rats were selected. Metabolic syndrome was induced using a fructose-rich diet and then the protective effects eugenol 50 and 100 mg/kg/d doses on renal damage due to metabolic syndrome were investigated. The results of this study indicated the improvement of renal functioning and decrease in lipid peroxidation, although eugenol doses used in this study did not reduce proteinuria and kidney tissue damage score.

Please cite this paper as: Kourkinejad Gharaei F, Lakzaei H, Niazi AA, Jahantigh M, Shahraki MR, Safari T. The protective effects of eugenol on metabolic-syndrome, renal damages. J Renal Inj Prev. 2022; 11(1): e04. doi: 10.34172/jrip.2022.04.

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