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Submitted: 03 Sep 2022
Accepted: 19 Nov 2022
ePublished: 22 Jan 2023
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J Renal Inj Prev. 2023;12(1): e32126.
doi: 10.34172/jrip.2022.32126

Scopus ID: 85148575816
  Abstract View: 1191
  PDF Download: 579

Original Article

The association between vitamin D3 deficiency and acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients

Mohsen Arabi 1 ORCID logo, Hamid Reza Samimagham 2 ORCID logo, Azadeh Moradkhani 2 ORCID logo, Fatemeh Khajavi Mayvan 3 ORCID logo, Sara Binaei 3 ORCID logo, Ali Salimi Asl 3 ORCID logo, Mitra Kazemi Jahromi 4* ORCID logo

1 Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Family Medicine Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
2 Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
3 Student Research Committe, Faculty of Medicie, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
4 Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
*Corresponding Author: Corresponding author: Mitra Kazemi Jahromi, Email: info@hums.ac.ir, , Email: mitra.kazemijahromi@gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a common clinical finding in the general population and hospitalized patients, including patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in more than 50% in ICU admitted patients.

Objectives: There are few studies regarding AKI in COVID-19 patients, therefore we investigated the relationship between vitamin D3 deficiency and the occurrence of AKI in COVID-19 patients.

Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 69 COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in the ward for 12 months. Their serum vitamin D3 levels were measured in the first 24 hours of hospitalization in the ward. Patients were divided into three groups based on the serum levels of vitamin D3: >50 ng/mL as normal, 20-50 ng/mL as insufficient and <20 ng/mL as deficiency status. The patients were studied until the occurrence of acute renal injury or the occurrence of death.

Results: Out of 69 hospitalized patients in the ward with COVID-19, there were 39 patients in group vitamin D3<20 ng/mL, 21 patients in group vitamin D3 of 20-50ng/mL and 9 patients in group of vitamin D3>50 ng/mL. The frequencies of AKI in groups of vitamin D3<20 ng/mL, 20-50 ng/mL, and >50 ng/mL were 46%, 28%, and 23%, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between AKI and our study groups (P=0.011). Furthermore, there was a significant association between our study groups and mortality (P=0.014), ICU admission (P=0.041) and hospital length of stay (P=0.017). In another division in patients with different levels of vitamin D3 in the presence or absence of AKI, there were significant associations between patients with vitamin D3<20 ng/mL and the presence of AKI and also with mortality (P=0.042), ICU admission (P=0.024) and additionally with hospital length of stay (P=0.027).

Conclusion: Our study showed significant association between vitamin D deficiency and AKI in ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients. Moreover, there were relationships between vitamin D deficiency and mortality, ICU admission and hospital length of stay. These results suggest the correction of vitamin D deficiency may be beneficial to reduce AKI in patient with COVID-19.


Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:

In a cross-sectional study on 69 hospitalized patients in the ward with COVID-19, we found significant association between vitamin D deficiency and acute kidney injury. Moreover, there was relationship between vitamin D deficiency and mortality, ICU (intensive care unit) admission and hospital length of stay. These results suggest the correction of vitamin D deficiency may be beneficial to reduce acute kidney injury in patient with COVID-19.

Please cite this paper as: Arabi M, Samimagham HR, Moradkhani A, Khajavi Mayvan F, Binaei S, Salimi Asl A, Kazemi Jahromi M. The association between vitamin D3 deficiency and acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients. J Renal Inj Prev. 2022; 11(x): e32126. doi: 10.34172/jrip.2022.32126.

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