Hypertension and chronic kidney disease; a mutual relationship

Abstract

Hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a mutual relationship. HTN is both a risk factor for and a complication of CKD due to various mechanisms. High blood pressure causes damage to blood vessels, including those in the kidneys, contributing to reduced kidney function over time. Meanwhile, decreasing kidney function leads to salt and water retention, increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and other effects that worsen HTN. Tight blood pressure control through lifestyle modification and medication is essential for slowing CKD progression and lowering the risk of associated cardiovascular complications. Understanding the intersecting pathophysiology between HTN and CKD is critical for optimal management. This paper summarizes current evidence on this relationship and its implications for treatment considerations. Further research is warranted on interventions that can effectively disrupt the vicious cycle connecting HTN and progressive CKD.

Keywords: Hypertension, Chronic kidney disease, Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system