Abstract
Introduction: Recently, the consequence of chemical industries and noise on human health
is the update subject for researchers. There are many reports published about nephrotoxicity
of noise and cadmium alone.
Objectives: The main aim of this study was to detect the combined consequence of noise and
cadmium on renal function.
Materials and Methods: Forty adult male rats were put into eight groups in random order
(n=5). Groups 1 control, group 2 exposed to 90 dB (decibels) noise, groups 3- 5 received
(intraperitoneal; ip) cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at doses of 1,2,3 mg/kg and group 6-8
pretreated with CdCl2 at doses of 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg 30 minutes before exposing to 90 dB noise.
The exercise was repeated for seven consecutive days. Animals were killed 24 hours afterwards.
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels were analyzed. Kidney tissues were
excised for measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations.
Results: There was significant rise on the levels of BUN, Cr and MDA. Additionally, a decrease
on the level of GSH in rats that were exposed to noise or cadmium alone or combined to noise
and cadmium was detected. Significant elevation of BUN, Cr, MDA and depletion of GSH
were also noted in cadmium-treated rats compared to those in the animals co-exposed to
cadmium and noise.
Conclusion: This study shows that exposed rats to cadmium and/or noise caused renal
function impairment. Production of oxidative stress is responsible for cadmium or noise
induced nephrotoxicity. However, co-exposure of cadmium and noise reduced nephrotoxicity
of cadmium. The possible explanation for noises suppressing cadmium nephrotoxicity is that
noise may enhance excretion and/or induced redistribution and depleted accumulation of
cadmium in the kidney.